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Comparison

8 Major Stablecoins Compared

Side-by-side data on market cap, reserves, regulation, risk scores, chain support, and audit practices. Total market cap: $272B+.

#StablecoinMarket CapPegBackingRegulationRisk ScoreRating
1USDT$185BUSDFiat-backedUnregulated35/100B+
2USDC$75BUSDFiat-backedRegulated15/100A
3DAI$5.4BUSDCrypto-collateralizedDecentralized25/100A-
4FDUSD$4BUSDFiat-backedRegulated22/100BBB+
5USDP$960MUSDFiat-backedRegulated13/100A+
6PYUSD$680MUSDFiat-backedRegulated12/100A+
7TUSD$490MUSDFiat-backedUnregulated38/100B
8EURC$52MEURFiat-backedRegulated18/100A

Detailed Breakdown

1. Tether USD (USDT)

Issued by Tether Limited · British Virgin Islands

UnregulatedRisk 35/100

The largest stablecoin by far. Dominant in trading pairs and emerging-market remittances. Weaker regulatory transparency than USDC—no major-jurisdiction license, quarterly rather than monthly attestations—but unmatched liquidity across chains.

Market Cap

$185B

Reserves

Cash, Commercial Paper, Treasury Bills

Reserve Ratio

102%

Attestation

Quarterly (BDO Italia)

Peg Deviation

2 bps

Regulatory Framework

None

Supported Chains

EthereumTronBSCPolygonSolanaArbitrumOptimism

2. USD Coin (USDC)

Issued by Circle · United States

RegulatedRisk 15/100

Backed entirely by cash and short-duration US Treasuries with monthly Deloitte attestations. The go-to stablecoin for regulated platforms, institutional treasuries, and on-chain DeFi. Native support on Base gives it a strong L2 position.

Market Cap

$75B

Reserves

Cash and US Treasury Securities

Reserve Ratio

100%

Attestation

Monthly (Deloitte & Touche LLP)

Peg Deviation

1 bp

Regulatory Framework

US State Money Transmitter Licenses

Supported Chains

EthereumSolanaPolygonArbitrumOptimismBaseAvalanche

3. Dai (DAI)

Issued by MakerDAO · Decentralized

DecentralizedRisk 25/100

The only major stablecoin with no single issuer. Over-collateralized at 150%+ by crypto assets locked in MakerDAO smart contracts. Governance sits with MKR token holders. Reserves are verifiable on-chain at any time—no attestation needed.

Market Cap

$5.4B

Reserves

Crypto Collateral (ETH, WBTC, etc.)

Reserve Ratio

150%

Attestation

On-chain verifiable (Trail of Bits audited)

Peg Deviation

2 bps

Regulatory Framework

DAO-governed

Supported Chains

EthereumPolygonArbitrumOptimismBase

4. First Digital USD (FDUSD)

Issued by First Digital Labs · Hong Kong

RegulatedRisk 22/100

Regulated under Hong Kong's VASP framework. Tight Binance integration and BSC availability drive its volume. A bet on Hong Kong's crypto-friendly regulatory trajectory.

Market Cap

$4B

Reserves

Cash and Short-term Securities

Reserve Ratio

100%

Attestation

Monthly (Prescient Assurance)

Peg Deviation

1 bp

Regulatory Framework

Hong Kong VASP License

Supported Chains

EthereumBSC

5. Pax Dollar (USDP)

Issued by Paxos Trust Company · United States

RegulatedRisk 13/100

Issued under a NYDFS Trust Charter—one of the strictest regulatory frameworks in crypto. Reserve quality and attestation rigor match USDC. The trade-off is lower liquidity due to smaller market cap and Ethereum-only availability.

Market Cap

$960M

Reserves

Cash and US Treasury Securities

Reserve Ratio

100%

Attestation

Monthly (Withum)

Peg Deviation

0 bps

Regulatory Framework

NYDFS Trust Charter

Supported Chains

Ethereum

6. PayPal USD (PYUSD)

Issued by Paxos Trust Company (for PayPal) · United States

RegulatedRisk 12/100

Issued by Paxos under NYDFS regulation, purpose-built for PayPal's 400M+ user base. Same regulatory rigor as USDP. Distribution advantage is the key differentiator—PayPal and Venmo users can buy, hold, and send PYUSD natively.

Market Cap

$680M

Reserves

Cash and US Treasury Securities

Reserve Ratio

100%

Attestation

Monthly (Withum)

Peg Deviation

0 bps

Regulatory Framework

NYDFS Trust Charter

Supported Chains

EthereumSolana

7. TrueUSD (TUSD)

Issued by Techteryx · British Virgin Islands

UnregulatedRisk 38/100

Uses real-time attestation via Armanino, which is a genuine differentiator on transparency. The higher risk score reflects its BVI domicile, ownership structure changes, and lack of a major-jurisdiction license. Available across four chains.

Market Cap

$490M

Reserves

Cash and Money Market Funds

Reserve Ratio

100%

Attestation

Real-time (Armanino)

Peg Deviation

1 bp

Regulatory Framework

None

Supported Chains

EthereumBSCTronAvalanche

8. Euro Coin (EURC)

Issued by Circle · United States

RegulatedRisk 18/100

The only major EUR-pegged stablecoin. Issued by Circle under both EU and US regulatory frameworks. Tiny market cap limits liquidity, but it's strategically important for EUR-denominated DeFi and MiCA-compliant European operations.

Market Cap

$52M

Reserves

Cash and Euro-denominated Securities

Reserve Ratio

100%

Attestation

Monthly (Deloitte & Touche LLP)

Peg Deviation

3 bps

Regulatory Framework

EU E-Money Directive, US State Licenses

Supported Chains

EthereumPolygonArbitrumBase

Key Takeaways

  • Lowest risk: PYUSD (12) and USDP (13)—both NYDFS Trust Charter, monthly attestations, cash + Treasury reserves.
  • Liquidity vs. regulation trade-off: USDT has 2–3x the market cap of USDC but a higher risk score (35 vs 15). Pick based on whether you prioritize depth or oversight.
  • EUR gap: EURC is the only major EUR-pegged option. If you need EUR-denominated on-chain operations, it\'s the default choice.
  • Decentralized alternative: DAI is the only crypto-collateralized coin in the top 8. No issuer risk, but you take on smart contract and governance risk instead.
  • Chain coverage: USDT and USDC both span 7 chains. USDC has native Base support; USDT has stronger Tron presence for emerging-market flows.

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